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تکنولوژی خودرو
این وبلاگ درباره سیستم های خودرو وتکنولوژی های به کار رفته در خودرو واطلاعات خودرو میباشد. دوستان علاقمند هم میتوانند همکاری کنند
یادداشت ثابت - یکشنبه 91 آبان 22 :: 12:13 صبح ::  نویسنده : ایمان نیکنامی


HWFET - Highway Fuel Economy Test (driving schedule)
HYPAS - Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering
Hz - Hertz
IA - Intake Air
IABM - Integrated AirBag Module
IAC - Idle Air Control
IAFM - Integrated Air Fuel Module
IAFS - Integrated Air Fuel System
IAT - Intake Air Temperature
iATN - International Automotive Technicians Network
IBOB - Intelligent BreakOut Box
IC - Ignition Control
IC - Integrated Circuit
ICA - Injector Cam Actuation
ICC - Intelligent Cruise Control
ICCS - Integrated Chassis Control System
ICDX - Integrated Compact Disc Changer
ICE - Internal Combustion Engine
ICM - Ignition Control Module
ICP - Injection Control Pressure
ICS - Integrated Chassis System
ICWS - Intersection Collision Warning System
ID - Identification
ID - Inside Diameter
IDI - Integrated Direct Ignition
IDIS - International Dismantling Information System
IDM - Ignition Diagnostic Module
IDM - Injector Driver Module
IEDIS - Integrated Electronic Distributorless Ignition System
IFES - Integrated Front End System
IFI - Indirect Diesel Injection
IFS - Inertia Fuel Shutoff
IFSM - Integrated Fuel System Module
IGN - Ignition
ILC - Idle Load Compensator
illum - Illumination
I/M - Inspection Maintenance
IMA - Integrated Motor Assist
IMDX - Integrated Mini Disc Changer
IMLUT - Inspection/Maintenance Look-Up Table
immo - Immobilizer
IMRC - Intake Manifold Runner Control
IMS - Inductive Magnetic Saturation
IMS - Instant Mobility System
IMT - Intake Manifold Tuning
IMTD - Intake Manifold Temperature Differential
in - Inch(es)
inadv - Inadvertant
inc - Increment
INCA - In-Car Aquisition
incand - Incandescent
infl - Inflatable
init - Initial
INJ - Injector
INP - Input
inst - Instant
int - Interior
INT - Integrator (replaced with ST FUEL TRIM)
I/O - In/Out
IOC - Instant Oil Change
I/P - Instrument Panel
IPC - Instrument Panel Cluster
IPM - Instrument Panel Module
IPM - Integrated Power Module
IPR - Injector Pressure Regulator
IRDS - Independant Rear Drive Suspension
IRQ - Interrupt Request
ISA - Integrated Starter-Alternator
ISAD - Integrated Starter Alternator Damper
ISB - Interact System B
ISC - Idle Speed Control
ISG - Integrated Starter-Generator
ISI - Ion Sensing Ignition
ISO - Interior Systems Optimization
ISO - International Standards Organization
iso - Isolation
ISS - Input Shaft Speed
ITARDA - Institute for Traffic Acccident Research and Data Analysis
ITTB - Idle Time To Boil
ITTR - Inflatable Tubular Torso Restraint
ITS - Idle Tracking Switch
IVC - Integral Vapour Canister
IVCS - Integrated Vehicle Control System
IVI - Intelligent Vehicle Initiative
IVIS - In Vehicle Information System
IVS - Idle Validation Switch
IVSC - Integrated Vehicle Speed Control
IWC - Inertia Weight Class
JARI - Japan Automotive Research Institute
JTEC - Jeep, Truck Engine Control
JTEC - Joint Transmission-Engine Controller
KAM - Keep Alive Memory
KAPWR - Keep Alive power
KDD - Keyboard Display Driver
kg - Kilogram
kg/h - Kilograms per Hour
kHz - Kilohertz
km - Kilometer
km/h - Kilometers per Hour
km/l - Kilometers per Litre
KOEO - Key On Engine Off
KOER - Key On Engine Running
kPa - Kilopascal
KS - Knock Sensor
kV - Kilovolts
L - Liter(s)
L4 - Four Cylinder Inline Engine
LATCH - Lower Anchors and Tethers for CHildren
LB - Long Box, Long Bed
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
LCM - Lighting Control Module
LDCL - Left Door Close Locking
LDCM - Left Door Control Module
LDDT - Light Duty Diesel Truck
LDGT - Light Duty Gasoline (fueled) Truck
LDP - Leak Detection Pump
lduty - Light Duty
LEADER - Low Emissions Advanced Engine Range
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LEP - Light Emitting Polymer
LF - Left Front
LFC - Lamp Fault Code
LFC - Low Fan Control
LFWS - Left Front Wheel Speed
LFCS - Low Flow Cooling System
LFP - Low Fuel pump
LGM - Lift Gate Module
LH - Left Hand
LIE - Laterally Inclined Engine
LMD - Left Mid Door
LNG - Liquid Natural Gas
LO - Low
LOMA - Lifter Oil Manifold Assembly
LOS - Limited Operation Strategy
LPG - Liquified Petroleum Gas
LPM - Litres Per Minute
LPS - Low Pressure Sensor
LR - Left Rear
LR - Loaded Radius
LRA - Latching Rocker Arm
LRD - Left Rear Door
lrn - Learn
LSD - Limited Slip Differential
LSEGR - Linear Solenoid Exhaust Gas Recirculation
LSP and BV - Load Sensing Proportioning and Bypass Valve
LSUV - Luxury Sport Utility Vehicle
LT - Left
LT - Long Term (Fuel Trim)
LTA - Low Temperature Aftercooling
LTD - Long-Travel Dampened (clutch)
LTPWS - Low Tire Pressure Warning System
LUS Lock-Up Solenoid (see TCC)
LV8 - Load Variable 8 Cylinder
LVDT - Linear Variable Differential Transducer
LVL - Level
LWB - Long WheelBase (see LB)
MAF - Mass Air Flow
malf - Malfunction
MALL - Multifunction Alarm Lighting and Locking
MAN - Manufacturer
MAP - Manifold Absolute Pressure
MAT - Manifold Air Temperature
MC - Measuring Core
MC - Mixture Control
MCM - Message Center Module
MCU - Microprocessor Control Unit
MD - Mini Disc
MD - Modulated Displacement
MDP - Manifold Differential Pressure
MDS(2) - Mopar Diagnostic System
MDX - Mini Disc Changer
MECS - Mazda Electronic Control System
med - Medium
MEM - Memory
MEMCAL - Memory Calibration
MFI - Multiport Fuel Injection
MGMT - Management
MIC - Mechanical Instrument Cluster
MID - Midrange
MIL - Malfunction Indicator Lamp
MIN - Minute(s)
MIN - Mobile Identification Number
MIP - Mixer Inlet Pressure
ML - Manual Longitudinal
MLP(s) - Manual Lever Position (sensor)
mm - Millimetre
mm3 - Cubic Millimetre(s)
MMC - Manifold Mounted Converter
MMT - Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl
MPa - Megapascal
MPFI - Multiport Fuel Injection
ms - Millisecond
MSFF - Miles Since First Fail
MSLF - Miles Since Last Fail
MSO - Mixed Signal Oscilloscope
MST - Manifold Surface Temperature
MTBE - Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
MTV - Manifold Tuning Valve
MV - Megavolt
mV - Millivolt
MVLPS - Manual Valve Lever Position Sensor
MVSA - Motor Vehicle Safety Act
MVSS - Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
NAAO - North American Automotive Operations
NAICC - Navigation-Aided Intelligent Cruise Control
NC - Normally Closed
NCAP - New Car Assessment Program
NEG - Negative
NFF - No Fault Found
NG - Natural Gas
NGS - New Generation STAR (Self Test Automatic Readout)
NGSC - Next Generation Speed Control
NGV - Natural Gas Vehicle
NGV - New Generation Vehicle
NGVM - Natural Gas Vehicle Module
NHTSA - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
NLGI - National Lubricating Grease Institute
N-m - Newton Meters
NO - Normally Open
NOx - Nitrogen Oxides
NPTC - National Pipe Thread Coarse
NPTF - National Pipe Thread Fine
NVH - Noise, Vibration and Harshness
NVLD - Natural Vacuum Leak Detection
NVRAM - Non Volatile Random Access Memory
NYCC - New York City Cycle
O2 - Oxygen
O2S - Oxygen Sensor
OBD - On Board Diagnostics
OBD II - On Board Diagnostics, Generation 2
OC - Oxidation Catalyst Only
OCC - Output Circuit Check
OCR - Oil Control Ring
OD - Outside Diameter
OD - Overdrive
OE - Original Equipment
OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer
OHC - Overhead Camshaft
OL - Open Loop
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OPR - Over Pressure Relief
ORC - Oxidation Reduction Converter
OSC - Output State Check
OSC - Output State Control
OSGI - Open-Service Gateway Interface
OSS - Output Shaft Speed (sensor)
OTC - Overhead Trip Computer
OTIS - Overhead Travel Information System
PAB - Passenger Air Bag
PADS - Passenger Airbag Disarm Switch
PAG - Polyalkylene Glycol
PAG - (Ford) Premier Automotive Group
PAIR - Pulsed Secondary Air Injection
PASE - PAssive Start and Entry system
PASM - Porche Active Steering Management
PASS - Personalized Automotive Security System
PATS - Passive Anti-Theft System
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCM - Powertrain Control Module
PCI - Programmable Communications Interface
PCI - Programmable Controller Interface
PCS - Pre-Crash Sensor
PCS - Pressure Control Solenoid
PCV - Positive Crankcase Ventilation
PDC - Park Distance Control
PDC - Parts Distribution Center
PDC - Power Distribution Center
PEM - Proton Electric Membrane
PEMFC - Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
PEP - Peripheral Expansion Port
PFE - Pressure Feedback EGR
PFI - Port Fuel Injection
PID - Parameter Identification
PIP - Profile Ignition Pickup (replaced with CKP)
PKE - Passive Keyless Entry
PM - Permanent Magnet
PMD - Pump Mounted Driver
P/N - Part Number
PNP - Park/Neutral Position
POA - Pilot Operated Absolute
POS - Positive
POT - Potentiometer
ppm - Parts Per Million
PPS - Passenger Presence Sensor
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory
PROX - PReferential OXidation
PS - Power Steering
PSA - Pressure Switch Assembly
PSD - Power Sliding Door
psi - Pounds Per Square Inch
PSIR - Passenger Side Inflatable Restraint
PSM - Passenger Seat Module
PSOM - Programmable Speedometer/Odometer Module
PSP - Power Steering Pressure
PSV - Public Service Vehicle
PTC - Pending Trouble Code
PTC - Positive Temperature Coefficient
PTO - Power Takeoff
PTOX - Periodic Trap Oxidizer
PTU - Part Throttle Unlock
PWM - Pulse Width Modulation
PWR - Power
PZEV - Partial Zero Emision Vehicle
QDM - Quad Driver Module
QDR - Quality, Durability, Reliability
QVM - Qualified Vehicle Modifier
RABS - Rear Antilock Brake System
RAM - Random Access Memory
RAM - Ride Air Module
RAP - Remote Anti-theft Module
RAP - Retained Access Power
RBC - Rotary Blade Coupling
RCC - Remote Climate Control
RDS - Radio (broadcast) Data System
RECIS - Remote Entry Control and Immobilizer System
REDOX - Reduction Oxidation Catalytic Converter
REEGR - Rotary Electric EGR
REF - Reference
RESC - Remote Emergency Satellite Unit
RF - Radio Frequency
RFF - Roller Finger Followers
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RKE - Remote Keyless Entry
RM - Relay Module
ROM - Read Only Memory
RPM - Remote Power Module
RPM - Revolutions Per Minute
RPO - Regular Production Option
RTD - Real Time Dampening
RTN - Return
RTV - Room Temperature Vulcanizing
RVP - Reid Vapour Pressure
RWAL - Rear Wheel Anti-lock
RWD - Rear Wheel Drive




موضوع مطلب :
یادداشت ثابت - یکشنبه 91 آبان 22 :: 12:12 صبح ::  نویسنده : ایمان نیکنامی

DAB - Delayed Accessory Bus
DAB - Driver AirBag (module)
DART - Diagnostic And Reprogramming Tool
dB - Decibels
dBA - decibels on A-weighted scale
DBB - Dual Bed Bead
DBM - Dual Bed Monolith
DC - Direct Current
DC - Duty Cycle
DCM - Door Control Module
DDM - Driver"s Door Module
DDS - Deflection Detection System
DDS - Driver"s Door Switch
DE - Drive End
dec - Decrement
DEC - Digital Electronic Controller
DERM - Diagnostic Energy Reserve Module
des - Desired
DFCO - Decelleration Fuel CutOff
DFI - Direct Fuel Injection
DGI - Direct Gasoline Injection
DI - Distributor Ignition
DIC - Driver Information Center
diff - Differential
DIM - Dashboard Integration Module
dis - Disable
DIS - Direct (aka Distributorless) Ignition System (replaced with EI)
disc - Disconnect
DISI - Direct Injection, Spark Ignition
DIST - Distributor
DIY - Do It Yourself
DLC - Data Link Connector
DLC - Diamond Logic Computer
DMCM - Driver Motor Control Module
DMM - Digital MultiMeter
DOHC - Double Overhead Cam
DNR - Dolby Noise Reduction
DOL - Data Output Line
DPFE - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
DPI - Dual Plug Inhibit
DRB - Diagnostic Readout Box
DRF - Deactivating Roller Follower
DRL - Daytime Running Lamps
DRR - Digital Radio Receiver
DSDA - Dual Stage Driver Airbag
DSI - Dual Stage Inflator
DSM - Driver"s Seat module
DSO - Digital Storage Oscilloscope
DSP - Digital Signal Process
DSPA - Dual Stage Passenger Airbag
DSS - Downshift Solenoid
DSST - Dunlop Self Supporting Tire
DTC - Diagnostic Trouble Code
DTM - Diagnostic Test Mode
DTT - Diesel Transmission Technologies
DVOM - Digital Volt-Ohmmeter
E4OD - Electronic 4-Speed Overdrive
EA - Electronic Accelerator
EAC - Electronic Air Control (replaced with AIR)
EAIR - Electronic (secondary) Air Injection Reaction
EAS - Electrically Assisted Steering
EAS - Electronic Air Switching
EATC - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
EBC - Electronic Brake Control
EBCM - Electronic Brake Control Module
EBD - Electronic Brake force Distribution
EBM - Electronic Brake Module
EBP - Exhaust Back Pressure
EBTCM - Electronic Brake and Traction Control Module
EC - Electronic Control
E&C - Entertainment and Comfort
ECA - Electronic Control Assembly (replaced with PCM)
ECC - Electronic Climate Control
ECD - Electronically Controlled Deceleration
ECI - Extended Compressor at Idle
ECL - Engine Coolant Level
ECM - Electronic Control Module
ECM - Engine Control Module
ECS - Electronic Crash Sensor
ECS - Emission Control System
ECT - Engine Coolant Temperature (Switch, Sensor)
ECU - Electronic Control Unit
EDF - Electric Drive Fan (relay)
EDIS - Electronic Direct Ignition System (replaced with EI)
EDR - Event Data Recorder
EDSR - Electronic Dealer Service (Investigation) Report
EEC - Electronic Engine Control
EEDS - Electric-Electronic Distribution System
EEPROM - Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memeory
EEVIR - Evaporator Equalized Values In Receiver
EFE - Early Fuel Evaporation
EFI - Electronic Fuel Injection
EGC - Electronic Gauge Cluster
EGO - Exhaust Gas Oxygen (replaced with O2S)
EGOG - EGO Ground
EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGRC - Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control
EGRT - Exhaust Gas Recirculation Temperature (switch)
EGR TVV - Exhaust Gas Recirculation Thermal Vacuum Valve
EGRV - Exhaust Gas Recirculation Vent
EGTS - Exhaust Gas Temperature Switch (replaced with EGRT)
EHB - Electro-Hydraulic Brake
EHCU - Electronic Hydraulic Control Unit
EHOC - Electrically Heated Oxidation Catalyst
EHPAS - Electric Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering
EHTWC - Electrically Heated Three Way Catalyst
EI - Electronic Ignition (includes Distributorless Ignition System, formerly DIS)
ELC - Electronic Level Control
EM - Energy Management
EM - Engine Modification
EMAS - Engine Management and Analysis System
EMAT - Electro-Mechanical Automatic Transmission
EMB - Electromagnetic Brakes
EMB - Electro-Mechanical Brake
EMCC - Electronically Modulated Converter Clutch
EMF - Electromotive Force (voltage)
EMI - Electromagnetic Interference
EMR - Electronic Module Retard
EMR - Emission Maintenance Reminder
EOP - Engine Oil Pressure
EOT - Engine Oil Temperature
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
EPC - Electronic Pressure Control
EPHS - Electrically Powered Hydraulic Steering
EPR - Exhaust Pressure Regulator
EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EPS - Electric Power Steering
EPS - Electric Power Steering
EPS - Engine Position Sensor
EPT - EGR Pressure Transducer (replaced with PFE)
ERH - Extended Ride Height
ESB - Expansion Spring Brake
ESC - Electrical Systems Controller
ESC - Electronic Spark Control
ESC - Electronic Suspension Control
ESD - Electrostatic Discharge
ESM - Electronic Steering Module
ESN - Electronic Serial Number
ESO - Engine ShutOff
ESOF - Electronic Shift On (the) Fly
ESP - Electronic Stability Program
EST - Electronic Spark Timing
ETBE - Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
ETC - Electronic Temperature Control
ETC - Electronic Throttle Control
ETC - Electronic Timing Control
ETCC - Electronic Touch Climate Control
ETR - Electronically Tuned Receiver
ETS - Enhanced Traction System
EUDC-LP - Extra-Urban Driving Cycle for Low Power vehicles
EV - Electric Vehicle
EVA - Electronic Vibration Analyzer
EVAP - Evaporative Emission
EVAP Canister Purge - Evaporative Emission Canister Purge
EVIC - Electronic Vehicle Information Center
EVMV - Electric Vapour Management Valve
EVO - Electronic Variable Orifice
EVP - EGR Valve Position (sensor)
EVR - EGR Vacuum Regulator
EVTOP - Enhanced Tactical Vehicle Occupant Protection
EVTM - Electrical & Vacuum Troubleshooting Manual
EXH - Exhaust
F4WD - Full Time Four Wheel Drive
FABS - Flexible Auto Body System
FAF - Fan Air Flow
FBC - Feedback Carburetor
FC - Fan Control
FC - Friction Curve
FCM - Front Control module
FCP - Fuel Cell Partnership
FCU - Front Control Unit
FCV - Fuel Cell Vehicle
FDBK - Feedback
FDC - Fuel Data Center
FEAD - Front End Accessory Drive (belt)
FED - Federal (except California)
FEDS - Fuel Enable Data Stream
FEDS - Flexible Engine Diagnostic System
FEIC - Fuel Economy Integrated Counter
FET - Field Effect Transistor
FF - Flexible Fuel
FFCRS - Front-Facing Child Restraint System
FFFP - Fuel-Flexible Fuel Processor
FFS - Fine-blanking and Finishing System
FFS - Flexible Fuel Sensor
FFWS - Fuel Filter Water Separator
FI - Fuel Injection
FICM - Fuel Injector Control Module
FIDO - Flame Ionization Detector Optimization
FIM - Fuel Indicator Module
FIPL - Fuel Injection Pump Lever
FIPT - Fuel Inlet Pressure Test
Fl - Front Left
FLO - Fast Light-Off
flr - Floor
FLVV - Fill Limit Vent Valve
FM - Frequency Modulation
FMEM - Failure Mode Effects Management
FMVSS - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
FP - Fuel Pump
FPCM - Fuel injection Pump Control Module
FPDM - Fuel Pump Driver Module
FPI - Fins Per Inch
FPM - Fuel Pump Monitor
FPR - Fuel Pump Regulator
FPRC - Fuel Pressure Regulator Circuit
FPS - Fast Pass Standard
FR - Front Right
FRACAS - Failure Reporting And Corrective Action System
FRC - Forced
freq - Frequency
frnt - Front
FRP - Fuel Rail Pressure
FRS - Face Recognition System FRV - First Response Vehicle
FSDI - Four-Stroke, Direct Injection
FT - Fuel Trim
FTP - Federal Test Procedure
FTP - Fuel Tank Pressure
FUDC - Federal Urban Driving Cycle
fwd - Forward
FWD - Front Wheel Drive
GA - Gage
GAWR - Gross Axle Weight Rating
GCW - Gross Combined Weight
g/cyl - Grams per Cylinder
GCWR - Gross Combined Weight Rating
GDI - Gasoline Direct Injection
GEN - Generator
GEM - Gasoline Engine Management
GEM - Generic Electronic Module
GGT - Gas Guzzler Tax
GHG - GreenHouse Gas
GISMO - Geographic Information System, Mobile
GND - Ground
GOVN - Governor Module
GPS - Global Positioning System
GS - Garage Shift
g/sec - Grams per Second
GTL - Gas To Liquid
GVW - Gross Vehicle Weight
GVWR - Gross Vehicle Weight Rating

H - Hydrogen
H2O - Water
HAST - High Accelerated Stress Test
HBA - Hydraulic Brake Assist
HBU - Hub Bearing Unit
HC - Hydrocarbons
HCCI - Homogeneous-Charge, Compression Ignition
HCM - Heating Control Module
HCU - Hydraulic Control Unit
HCV - Heavy Commercial Vehicle
H/CMPR - High Compression
HD - Heavy Duty
HDC - Heavy Duty Cooling
HDGV - Heavy Duty Gasoline-fueled Vehicle
HD-UDDS - Heavy Duty Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule
HEC - Hybrid Electronic Cluster
HEDF - High Speed Electro Drive Fan (relay or circuit)
HEGO - Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen (sensor) (replaced with HO2S)
HEGOG - HEGO Ground (circuit)
HEPS - Hydraulic Electric Power Steering
HEUI - Hydraulic-actuated Electronically-controlled Unit Injector
HFC - High Fan Control
HFC - Hydraulic Fading Compensation
HFM - Hot Film Meter
HFP - High Fuel Pump
Hg - Mercury
Hi Alt - Hi Altitude
HID - High Intensity Discharge
HIS - Horizontal Impact Sensor
hist - History
HLDT - Heavy Light-Duty Truck
HLOS - Hardware Limited Operating Strategy
HO - High Output
HO2S - Heated Oxygen Sensor
hp - Horsepower
HPDI - High Pressure Direct Injection
HPL - High Pressure Liquid
HPS - Head Protection System
HPS - High Performance System
HPV - High Pressure Vapour
HRC - Headlamp Range Control
HSA - Head Side Airbag
HSC - High Swirl Combustion
HSCDS - High-Sensitivity Collision Detection System
HSDI - High-Speed Direct Injection
HSE - High-Speed Enrichment
HSEA - High Solar Energy Absorbing (glass)
HTCM - Heating-ventilation-air-conditioning Thermal Control Module
HUD - Heads Up Display
HVAC - Heater-Vent-Air Conditioning
HVACM - Heater-Vent-Air Conditioning Module
HVI - High Viscosity Index
HVM - Heater Vent Mondule
HW - Heated Windshield




موضوع مطلب :
یادداشت ثابت - یکشنبه 91 آبان 22 :: 12:10 صبح ::  نویسنده : ایمان نیکنامی

 

 

Abbreviations and Acronyms

 

2V - Two (Venturi) Valve (two barrel carburetor)
2WS - Two Wheel Steer
3GR - Third Gear
4GR - Fourth Gear
4EAT - Four speed Electronic Automatic Transmission
4R70W - Four speed, Rear wheel drive, (up to) 700 lb/ft torque rated, Wide ratio
4R100 - Four speed, Rear wheel drive, (up to) 1000 lb/ft torque rated
4V - Four (Venturi) Valve (four barrel carburetor)
4WAL - Four Wheel Antilock
4WAS - Four Wheel Air Suspension
4WD - Four Wheel Drive
4WS - Four Wheel Steer
5R55W - Five speed, Rear wheel drive, (up to) 550 lb/ft torque rated, Wide ratio
A - Amperes
A-6 - Axial 6 cylinder A/C compressor
AALA - American Automobile Labelling Act
AAT - Ambient Air Temperature
ABARS - Automobile Backward Automatic Ranging System
ABC - Active Body Control
ABS - Antilock Brake System
AC - Alternating Current
A/C - Air Conditioning
ACC - Adaptive Cruise Control
ACC - Air Conditioning Clutch
ACC - Automatic Climate Control
accel - Acceleration
ACCS - Air Conditioning Cyclic Switch
accum - Accumulator
accy - Accessory
ACD - Air Conditioning Demand
ACE - Active Cornering Enhancement
ACL - Air cleaner
ACM - Airbag Control Module
ACM - Audio Control Module
ACR4 - Air Conditioning Refrigerant, Recovery, Recycling, Recharging
ACON - Air Conditioning On
ACP - Air Conditioning Pressure
act - Actual
ACT - Air Charge Temperature
actv - Activate
ACV - (thermactor) Air Control Valve
A/D - Analog to Digital
AD - Accomodated Device
adapt - Adaptive
adapts - Adapters
ADAS - Advanced Driver Assistance System
ADBV - Anti Drainback Valve
ADC - Automatic Distance Control
ADG - Accomodated Device Gateway
adj - Adjust
ADL - Automatic Door Lock
ADS - Auxilliary Discriminating Sensor
ADU - Analog-Digital Unit
AECM - Airbag Electronic Control Module
A/F - Air Fuel Ratio (see also AFR)
AFC - Air Flow Control
AFC - Air Fuel Control
AFCD - Advanced Frontal Crash Dummy
AFCM - Alternate Fuel Control Module
AFECM - Alternate Fuel Engine Control Module
AFO - Alternate Fuel Operation
AFR - Air Fuel Ratio (see also A/F)
aft - After
AGSP - Auxilliary Gauge Switch Pack
AGVS - Automated Guided Vehicle System
AHLD - Automatic Headlamp Levelling Device
AHR - Active Head Restraint
ahrs - Amp Hours
AHS - Active Handling System
AIM - Automotive Interior Material
AIR - Air Injection Reaction (Secondary air injection)
AIRB - Secondary Air Injection Bypass
AIRD - Secondary Air Injection Diverter
AIS - Automatic Idle Speed
ALC - Automatic Lamp Control
ALC - Automatic Level Control
ALCL - Assembly Line Communications Link (replaced with DLC)
ALDL - Assembly Line Data Link (replaced with DLC)
ALM - Adaptive Learn Matrix
ALR - Automatic Locking Retractor
Alt - Alternative
ALT - Alternator (replaced with GEN)
AM - Amplitude Modulation
AMB - Ambient
AMM - Air Mass Meter
amp - Amplifier
amps - Amperes or Amperage
AMS - Automatic Music Search
AMT - Automated Manual Transmission
AOD - Automatic Overdrive
AODE - Automatic Overdrive Electronic (transmission)
AODE-W - Automatic Overdrive Electronic - Wide ratio (transmission)
AOS - Automatic Occupant Sensing
AP - Accelerator Pedal
APP - Accelerator Pedal Position
APADS - Air Conditioning Protection and Diagnostic System
APECS - Advanced Proportional Engine Control System
API - American Petroleum Institute
APT - Adjustable part Throttle
ARC - Active Roll Control
ARC - Automatic Ride Control
ARS - Adaptive Receptive System
ARS - Automatic Restraint System
ARTHUR - Automatic Radio system for Traffic situations on Highways and Urban Roads
ASA - Air Signal Attenuator
ASA - Automatic Slack Adjuster
ASARC - Air Suspension Automatic Ride Control
ASC - Anti Stall Control
ASD - Automatic Shutdown
ASF - Audi Space Frame
ASG - Automatic-Shift Gearbox
ASM - Acceleration Simulation Mode
ASM - Air Solenoid Module
ASM - Alarm Siren Module
asm - Assembly
ASR - Acceleration Slip Regulation
ASSYST - Active Service System
ASTC - Automatic Stability and Traction Control
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials
A/T - Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
ATC - Automatic Temperature Control
ATDC - After Top Dead Center
ATF - Active Transfer Case
ATF - Automatic Transfer Case
ATF - Automatic Transmission Fluid
ATM - Actuator Test Mode
ATTS - Advanced Torque Transfer System
ATX - Automatic Transaxle
AWD - All Wheel Drive
AWG - American Wire Gage
AYC - Active Yaw Control
AXOD - Automatic Overdrive Transaxle
AXOD-E - Automatic Overdrive Transaxle - Electronically Controlled
B+ - Battery positive (voltage)
BARO - Barometric (pressure)
BAS - Brake Apply Sensor
batt - Battery
BBV - Brake Booster Vacuum
BCM - Body Control Module
BECU - Body Electronic Control Unit
BFC - Body Function Controller
BHP - Brake Horsepower
BLM - Block Learn Multiplier (replaced with LT FUEL TRIM)
B-LVL - Bilevel
BLW - Brake Lining Wear
BMAP - Barometric and Manifold Absolute Pressure
bn - Bank
BOB - Break-Out Box
BOO - Brake On/Off
BP - Back Pressure
BPA - Bypass Air
BPCM - Battery Pack Control Module
BPMV - Brake Pressure Modulator Valve
BPP - Brake Pedal Position
BPW - base pulse width
BSFC - Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
BTCM - Brake Torque Control Module
BTDC - Before Top Dead Center
BTSI - Brake Transmission Shift Interlock
Btu - British thermal units
BV - Battery Voltage
C3I - Computer Controlled Coil Ignition
CAB - Controller, Antilock Brake
CAC - Charge Air Cooler
CAFC - Company Average Fuel Consumption (Canada)
CAFE - Corporate Average Fuel Economy (USA)
cal - Calibration
calc - Calculated
Calif - California
CAN - Controlled Area Network
CANP - Canister Purge (solenoid)
CAMM - Computer Aided Manufacturing Measurement
CAMS - Computerized Automotive Maintenance System
CARB - California Air Resources Board
CARS - Canadian Automotive Repair and Service Council
CASE - Cranking Angle Sensing Error
cass - Cassette
CATS - Computer Aided Test Suite
CC - Climate Control
CC - Cruise Control
CCC - Computer Command Control
CCD - Chrysler Collision Detection
CCCD - Catalytic Converter Cool-Down
CCD - Computer Controlled Dwell
CCDIC - Climate Control Driver Information Center
CCFL - Cold-Cathode Flourescent Lamp
CCM - Central Control Module
CCO - Converter Clutch Override
CCOT - Cycling Clutch Orifice Tube
CCP - Climate Control Panel
CCP - Controlled Canister Purge
CCRM - Constant Control Relay Module
CCS - Coast Clutch Solenoid
CCW - Counter ClockWise
CD - Compact Disc
CDA - Cylinder De-Activation
CDR - Chrysler Diagnostic Readout
CDRV - Crankcase Depression Regulator Valve
CDX - Compact Disc Changer
CE - Commutator End
CEL - Check Engine Lamp (replaced with MIL)
CEAB - Cold Engine Air Bleed
CEMF - Counter Electromotive Force
CEMS - Catalyst Efficiency Management System
CEMS - Carbureted Engine Management System
CFI - Central Fuel Injection (replaced with TBI)
CFI - Continuous Fuel Injection
CFI - Cross Fire Injection
CHMSL - Center High Mounted Stop Lamp
CID - Cubic Inch Displacement
CID - Cylinder Identification
CJC - Collision Judgement Coefficient
CKP - Crankshaft Position
CKT - Circuit
CL - Closed Loop
CLC - Converter Lockup Clutch (replaced with TCC)
CLCC - Closed Loop Carburetor Control
CLTBI - Closed Loop Throttle Body Injection
CLYC - Closed Loop Yaw Control
CLNT - Coolant
CMFI - Central Multi-port Fuel Injection
cmd - Command
cmdd - Commanded
CMP - Camshaft Position
CMVSS - Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
CNG - Compressed Natural Gas
CO - Carbon Monoxide
CO2 - Carbon Dioxide
COBDIMR - Customer On Board Diagnostics Inspection/Maintenance Readiness
COMBATT - Commercially Based Tactical Truck
combo - Combination
comm - Communication
cond - Condition
const - Constant
COP - Coil On Plug
COP - Computer Operating Properly
CP - Canister Purge
CPA - Connector Position Assurance
CPI - Central Port Fuel Injection
CPL - Control Parts List
CPM - Cellular Phone Module
CPP - Clutch Pedal Position
CPS - Cam Profile Switching
CPS - Center Panel Switches
CPS - Central Power Supply
CPS - Childseat Postioning Sensor
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRR - Cool Running Rotor
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CRTS - Continuously Regenerating Trap System
CS - Charging System
CSE GND - PCM Case Ground
CSI - Compression Sense Ignition
CSM - Central Security Module
cSt - Centistokes
CSTO - Compression Sense Time-Out
CTD - Content Theft Deterent
CTM - Central Timer Module
CTOX - Continuous Trap Oxidizer
CTP - Closed Throttle Position (switch)
CTS - Coolant Temperature Sensor
CV - Constant Velocity
CVRSS - Continuously Variable Road Sensing Suspenion
CVRTD - Continuously Variable Real Time Damping
CVS - Canister Vent Solenoid
CVT - Continuously Variable Transmission, Transaxle
CWS - Continental Wheel System
CZS - Crash Zone Sensor

 




موضوع مطلب :
یادداشت ثابت - یکشنبه 91 آبان 22 :: 12:1 صبح ::  نویسنده : ایمان نیکنامی

فرمول یک (در زبان انگلیسی: Formula One) که به اختصار «F1» نوشته می‌شود، همچنین به «مسابقات اتومبیل‌رانی جایزه بزرگ» نیز مشهور است. فدراسیون بین‌المللی اتومبیل‌رانی (FIA)، سازمان‌دهی ورزش‌های اتومبیل‌رانی و مسابقات اتومبیل‌رانی را برعهده دارد.

مقصود از لفظ «فرمول» مجموعه‌ای از مقررات و قوانین است که تمامی شرکت‌کنندگان و خودروها باید از آن متابعت کنند. فصل قهرمانی فرمول یک جهان از مجموعه‌ای از مسابقات، که به جایزه بزرگ مشهور است تشکیل شده، که معمولاً در فهرست پیست‌های فرمول یک، و در معدودی موارد در جاده‌های بسته شهری برگزار می‌شود. نتایج تمامی مسابقات جمع بسته می‌شود تا دو فهرست قهرمانان فرمول یک جهان در هر سال، یکی در بخش فهرست رانندگان قهرمان فرمول یک جهان و دیگری در بخش فهرست سازندگان قهرمان فرمول یک جهان مشخص شود. این مسابقات یک رویداد مهم تلویزیونی است که میلیون‌ها نفر از بیش از 200 کشور جهان آن را بصورت زنده تماشا می‌کنند. خودروها با سرعتی تا 350 کیلومتر در ساعت (حدود 220 مایل در ساعت) با هم مسابقه می‌دهند.

مقررات این مسابقات شامل شماری محدودیت‌ها و شرایطی است که خودروها باید از آن متابعت کنند. از جمله مواردی که این مقررات به خاطر آن تدوین شده، می‌توان به کنترل ایمنی سرعت‌های فزاینده اشاره کرد. از سال 2006 [1] موتور درونسوز به موتورهای طبیعی V8 دارای (ظرفیت) جابجایی 4/2 لیتر است (که حدود 800 اسب بخار قدرت و در حدود 19000 دور در دقیقه (رم‌پ) تولید می‌کند. عملکرد خودروها تا حدود زیادی به الکترونیک، آیرودینامیک، فنربندی و چرخ‌ها بستگی دارد.

مسابقات فرمول یک در طول تاریخ تحولات و تغییرات بسیاری را شاهد بوده‌است. در طول سالهای متوالی موتورهای بسیاری به کار گرفته شده است؛ موتورهای عادی، تقویت‌شده و توربو، که از straight-4 تا H16 با جابجایی سوخت 5/1 تا 5/4 لیتر متفاوت است. حداکثر قدرتی که در طول تاریخچه مسابقات به دست آمده 1200 اسب بخار در پیست مسابقات در دهه 1980 بوده‌است.

قاره اروپا دارای طرفداران بسیاری از مسابقات فرمول یک و بازار اصلی آن است. با این وجود، مسابقات جایزه بزرگ در سرتاسر جهان برگزار شده، و با برگزاری مسابقات جدید در بحرین، جمهوری خلق چین، مالزی و ترکیه، کره جنوبی و هند دامنه این مسابقات در حال گسترش است.

مسابقات فرمول یک در مقام گران‌ترین ورزش جهان، دارای تأثیرات اقتصادی چشمگیری است و نزاع‌های مالی و سیاسی آن نیز کاملاً مشهود است. جایگاه و محبوبیت بالای این ورزش آن را تبدیل به یک محیط آشکار تجاری کرده، که این امر منجر به سرمایه‌گذاری‌های چشمگیری توسط حامیان مالی و تبدیل این سرمایه‌گذاری‌ها به بودجه‌های عظیم برای تیم‌های سازنده فرمول یک شده‌است.

دفتر مرکزی فدراسیون بین‌المللی اتومبیل‌رانی (FIA) در شهر کنکورد، پاریس واقع است. این فدراسیون مسئولیت نظارت بر این مسابقات را برعهده دارد. رئیس کنونی این فدراسیون ژان تات است. حقوق تجاری فرمول یک در دارایی‌های گروه فرمول یک، که اکنون مالکیت آن در اختیار آلفا پرما است، سپرده شده‌است.




موضوع مطلب :
یادداشت ثابت - شنبه 91 آبان 21 :: 4:24 عصر ::  نویسنده : ایمان نیکنامی

کِلاچ (به انگلیسی: Clutch) نام یکی از قطعات خودرو است. ریشه لغوی کلاچ یک کلمه انگلیسی است و به معنی اتصال است. لیکن معنی مصطلح آن به وسیله‌ای اطلاق می‌گردد که عمل اتصال یا قطع کردن را انجام می‌دهد.

کلاچ دستگاهی است که به وسیله آن راننده هر زمان که بخواهد می‌تواند موتور را از جعبه‌دنده جدا نماید، یعنی موتور بچرخد بدون اینکه دنده‌ها در جعبه‌دنده بچرخند و در نتیجه خودرو حرکت نماید.

کاربرد کلاچ در مواقع تعویض دنده یا متوقف کردن خودرو است آن هم برای اینکه موتور خاموش نشود.

دستگاه کلاچ به وسیله پدال کلاچ که زیر پلی چپ راننده قرار گرفته بکار می‌افتد. برای بکار انداختن کلاچ، راننده می‌بایست با پای چپ پدال کلاچ را تا انتها فشار بدهد.

به هنگام حرکت دادن خودرو پس از آنکه دنده یک شده شد، بایستی پا خیلی آرام از روی پدال کلاچ برداشته شود تا از جستن خودرو به جلو جلوگیری شود.

به حالتی که کلاچ گرفته می‌شود حالت خلاصی و به حالتی که کلاچ رها می‌شود حالت درگیر شدن کلاچ گفته می‌شود.

مقاله کامل کلاچ رو از اینجا دانلود کنید:

http://www.4shared.com/photo/fP5PEOiD/_online.html




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